1uF 350V Electrolytic Capacitor

The electrolytic capacitor is a unique type of capacitor that leverages an electrolyte to achieve a higher capacitance than other capacitor types. The electrolyte, which can be a liquid or gel, is rich in ions.

? Internal Structure

The internal structure of an electrolytic capacitor consists of:

• Anode (Positive Electrode): Composed of aluminum, it is coated with an insulating layer of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), which serves as the dielectric.
• Dielectric: A thin layer of aluminum oxide with a high dielectric strength.
• Cathode (Negative Electrode): A conductive liquid or gel (the electrolyte), which contacts an external conductive layer.
• Separator: A layer of absorbent paper soaked in electrolyte, positioned between the anode and cathode.
• Case: The entire structure is housed in a metal cylinder with two leads. It typically features a safety vent on top to prevent explosions.

⚙️ Key Characteristics

The key characteristics of an electrolytic capacitor include:

• Capacitance Range: Typically ranges from 0.1 µF to 100,000 µF, offering high capacity.
• Voltage Rating: Ranges from 6.3V to 450V.
• Polarity: Electrolytic capacitors are polarized. Incorrect connection can lead to leakage, overheating, or even explosion.
• Frequency Response: Best suited for low to medium frequencies. Not recommended for high-frequency circuits.
• Lifespan: Limited due to electrolyte evaporation, typically lasting 2,000–10,000 hours at 85–105°C.

? Common Applications

The electrolytic capacitor is commonly used in:

• DC voltage filtering in power supplies
• Coupling and decoupling in audio circuits
• Delay circuits in timers
• Energy storage and voltage smoothing

Whether you're an electronics engineer or a hobbyist working with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or other microcontroller-based projects, this 1uF 350V Electrolytic Capacitor is an essential component for your electronics toolbox.